Parental imprisonment, childhood behavioral problems, and adolescent and young adult cardiometabolic risk: results from a prospective Australian birth cohort study

Roettger, Michael E.; Tan, Jolene; Houle, Brian; Najman, Jake M.; McGee, Tara

doi:10.1186/s40352-025-00329-5

Table 3 Main and moderating effects of CBCL measures at age 5 on parental imprisonment predicting cardiometabolic disease risk in men

From: Parental imprisonment, childhood behavioral problems, and adolescent and young adult cardiometabolic risk: results from a prospective Australian birth cohort study

	BMI, Age 14		BMI, Age 21		BMI, Age 30		DBP, Age 30		SBP, Age 30		Waist Circumference, Age 30
CBCL scales at age 5	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)
SAT
PI	-0.06	1.07	-0.17	0.31	0.27	2.18	0.43	1.55	2.23	3.90	0.03	5.41
	[-0.90, 0.77]	[-0.59, 2.74]	[-1.31, 0.96]	[-1.87, 2.49]	[-1.47, 2.00]	[-1.63, 5.99]	[-2.90, 3.75]	[-5.77, 8.87]	[-2.33, 6.80]	[-6.16, 14.0]	[-4.56, 4.63]	[-4.68, 15.5]
SAT	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	-0.04	-0.02	0.11	0.12	0.19	0.20	0.06	0.10
	[-0.04, 0.07]	[-0.03, 0.08]	[-0.07, 0.10]	[-0.07, 0.11]	[-0.17, 0.09]	[-0.16, 0.11]	[-0.14, 0.37]	[-0.14, 0.38]	[-0.16, 0.54]	[-0.16, 0.56]	[-0.29, 0.41]	[-0.26, 0.45]
PI x SAT		-0.20		-0.09		-0.38		-0.22		-0.32		-1.06
		[-0.46, 0.05]		[-0.41, 0.24]		[-1.04, 0.29]		[-1.48, 1.04]		[-2.05, 1.41]		[-2.83, 0.71]
Internalizing
PI	-0.05	0.43	-0.16	-0.65	0.23	-0.55	0.42	-1.30	2.23	-0.96	-0.03	1.01
	[-0.89, 0.79]	[-1.02, 1.88]	[-1.29, 0.98]	[-2.43, 1.13]	[-1.50, 1.96]	[-3.53, 2.42]	[-2.90, 3.75]	[-7.09, 4.49]	[-2.34, 6.79]	[-8.91, 6.98]	[-4.61, 4.56]	[-6.89, 8.91]
Internalizing	-0.05	-0.04	-0.04	-0.05	-0.15*	-0.16*	-0.01	-0.03	-0.02	-0.06	-0.35	-0.34
	[-0.11, 0.01]	[-0.10, 0.01]	[-0.13, 0.05]	[-0.14, 0.04]	[-0.28, -0.02]	[-0.29, -0.02]	[-0.26, 0.25]	[-0.29, 0.24]	[-0.37, 0.33]	[-0.42, 0.30]	[-0.70, 0.00]	[-0.70, 0.02]
PI x Internalizing		-0.12		0.12		0.21		0.45		0.84		-0.28
		[-0.40, 0.17]		[-0.21, 0.46]		[-0.44, 0.86]		[-0.79, 1.70]		[-0.87, 2.55]		[-2.01, 1.45]
Aggression
PI	-0.09	0.72	-0.19	-0.73	0.29	-0.82	0.30	0.90	2.13	-0.11	0.15	-0.24
	[-0.92, 0.75]	[-1.25, 2.69]	[-1.32, 0.94]	[-3.07, 1.61]	[-1.44, 2.03]	[-4.49, 2.84]	[-3.03, 3.63]	[-6.21, 8.00]	[-2.45, 6.71]	[-9.88, 9.65]	[-4.46, 4.75]	[-9.95, 9.47]
Aggression	0.05	0.05*	0.04	0.04	-0.03	-0.04	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.10	-0.10	-0.10
	[0.00, 0.09]	[0.00, 0.10]	[-0.03, 0.11]	[-0.04, 0.11]	[-0.14, 0.08]	[-0.15, 0.08]	[-0.09, 0.35]	[-0.09, 0.36]	[-0.18, 0.42]	[-0.21, 0.41]	[-0.40, 0.20]	[-0.41, 0.21]
PI x aggression		-0.11		0.08		0.16		-0.08		0.31		0.06
		[-0.36, 0.14]		[-0.22, 0.37]		[-0.30, 0.61]		[-0.96, 0.79]		[-0.89, 1.52]		[-1.16, 1.27]
Depression
PI	-0.05	0.94	-0.16	-0.06	0.22	0.09	0.42	0.99	2.23	1.59	-0.04	2.14
	[-0.89, 0.79]	[-0.49, 2.37]	[-1.29, 0.97]	[-1.90, 1.78]	[-1.50, 1.95]	[-2.93, 3.11]	[-2.91, 3.74]	[-4.88, 6.87]	[-2.34, 6.79]	[-6.48, 9.65]	[-4.62, 4.54]	[-5.87, 10.2]
Depression	-0.04	-0.03	-0.04	-0.04	-0.16*	-0.17*	-0.05	-0.04	-0.03	-0.03	-0.37*	-0.35
	[-0.10, 0.02]	[-0.09, 0.03]	[-0.13, 0.05]	[-0.13, 0.06]	[-0.30, -0.03]	[-0.30, -0.03]	[-0.31, 0.22]	[-0.31, 0.23]	[-0.39, 0.34]	[-0.41, 0.34]	[-0.74, -0.01]	[-0.72, 0.02]
PI x depression		-0.25		-0.03		0.04		-0.17		0.18		-0.64
		[-0.55, 0.04]	0.04	[-0.42, 0.36]		[-0.69, 0.77]		[-1.56, 1.23]		[-1.73, 2.10]		[-2.58, 1.30]
Sample Size	1,619	1,619	1,058	1,058	623	623	611	611	611	611	610	610

Notes: Tables report main effect and 95% confidence intervals. All models contain controls for race/ethnicity of respondent, maternal education at birth, age of mother at birth, mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI, and respondent’s birth weight. Presented moderators interact parental imprisonment with child age 5 CBCL measures. Sample size varies by wave and cardiometabolic outcome due to missing data. All measures for child behavioral issues are based on maternal CBCL scores at age 5. PI = Parental Imprisonment; SAT = Social-Attention-Thought Disorder; CBCL = Child Behavioral Checklist
Significance levels (two-tailed): *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001

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ISSN: 2194-7899

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