Table 3 Overdose during 3-month follow-up (N = 699)

% overdosed during the 3-month follow-up

4.1%

Of those who overdosed during the 3-month follow-up:

(N = 29)

 # of times overdosed on opioids

1.7 (1.5; 1–6)

 Drugs taken in the 4 h prior to overdose

  Heroin

69.0%

  Fentanyl

41.4%

  Methamphetamine/amphetamines

34.5%

  Anti-anxiety meds/benzodiazepines

10.3%

  Other opioids

10.3%

  Marijuana

3.4%

  Powder or crack cocaine

3.4%

 Following overdose:

  Administered naloxone

93.1%

  Received emergency medical services (EMS)

27.6%

  Went to the emergency department

17.2%

  Admitted to hospital

13.8%

  Referred to substance use treatment from 1st responder/hospital staff

6.9%

 Who administered naloxone:

(N = 27)

  Friend

44.4%

  Spouse/Significant other

29.6%

  Paramedic

22.2%

  Someone else

11.1%

  Police

3.7%

Stranger

3.7%